بِسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ

Nawawi’s 40 Hadith (Dhivehi Translation)

These 40 Hadith are a short yet easy to read collection of the Prophet’s comprehensive narrations about the foundations of the religion. Although it is concise, it covers many topics such as; Islam, faith, good deeds, Halal and Haram, brotherhood, charity, obedience, being mindful of Allah, as well as many others. Many scholars have given numerous lectures and commentaries based on these Hadith. Usually students of knowledge begin by learning these 40 Hadith, before moving on to bigger books such as Umdatul Ahkam and Bulughul Maram. — Additional info.

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• The word udhiyah means an animal of the An’aam type (i.e: camel, cow, sheep or goat) that is slaughtered during the days of Eid al-Adha because of the ‘Eid and as an act of worship, intending to draw closer to Allah thereby. This is one of the rituals of Islam prescribed in the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and according to the consensus of the Muslims.
• The conditions for the udhiyah: 1. It should be one of the an’aam class of animals, which are: camels, cattle, sheep and goats. 2.It should have reached the age stipulated in sharee’ah. In the case of camels it means one that is five years old. For cattle, it means one that is two years old. For sheep it means one that is at least six months old. 3. It should be free of any defects that would render it unsuitable for sacrifice, such as an obvious defect in one eye, obvious sickness, obvious lameness and emaciation. 3. It should be slaughtered at the time specified in sharee’ah, which is from after the Eid prayer on the Day of Sacrifice until sunset on the last of the days of al-Tashreeq, which is the 13th of Dhu’l-Hijjah. So the days when the sacrificed may be offered are four: the day of Eid after the prayer, and the three days after that.
• The udhiyah (Eid sacrifice) is a confirmed Sunnah according to the majority of fuqaha’. Some of the scholars are of the view that it is obligatory for the one who can afford it; this is the view of Abu Haneefah and of Ahmad according to one report, and it is the view favoured by Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah.
• Shaykh Ibn Baaz (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Offering the udhiyah is a confirmed Sunnah which is prescribed for men and women alike. One udhiyah is acceptable on behalf of a man and the members of his household, and on behalf of a woman and the members of her household, because the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) used to offer udhiyah every year, sacrificing two horned rams that were white speckled with black, one on behalf of himself and the members of his household, and the second on behalf of all those who affirmed the Oneness of Allah among his ummah. The time for offering the udhiyah is the Day of Sacrifice and the days of at-Tashreeq every year. The Sunnah for the one who offers an udhiyah is to eat some of it, give some of it as a gift to his relatives and neighbours, and to give some of it in charity. It is not permissible for the one who wants to offer an udhiyah to remove anything from his hair, nails or skin after the beginning of the month of Dhu’l-Hijjah until he offers his udhiyah, because the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “When the month of Dhu’l-Hijjah has begun, if one of you wants to offer an udhiyah, let him not remove anything from his hair, nails or skin until he has offered his udhiyah.” Narrated by Imam Muslim in his Saheeh, from Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her). With regard to someone who has been delegated to offer the udhiyah, or someone who is in a waqf (charitable organisation established to offer the udhiyah on behalf of anyone who wants to offer udhiyah), such a person does not have to refrain from removing anything from his hair, nails or skin, because he is not the one who is offering the udhiyah; Rather this is required of the one who is offering the udhiyah and appointed him to slaughter the animal on his behalf. The same applies for one who works for a charitable organisation that offers the udhiyah on behalf of others. He is a deputy acting on behalf of someone else, and is not the one who is offering the udhiyah. And Allah is the Source of strength. End quote from Majmoo‘ al-Fataawa by Ibn Baaz (18/38)
• If a person wants to offer an udhiyah, then it is haraam for him to remove anything from his hair or nails until he offers his sacrifice, regardless of whether he offers his sacrifice at the beginning of the time for it, immediately after the Eid prayer, or at the end of the time, i.e., before sunset on the thirteenth of Dhu’l-Hijjah. If he forms the intention to offer the sacrifice during the first ten days of Dhu’l-Hijjah, then he should refrain from that from the moment he forms that intention, and there is no sin on him for anything he may have done before forming the intention. This ruling of it being haraam applies only to the one who is going to slaughter the sacrifice. It does not apply to the one on whose behalf a sacrifice is offered. Based on this, it is permissible for the family of the person who is going to offer the sacrifice to remove things from their hair, nails and skin during the first ten days of Dhu’l-Hijjah. If the person who wants to offer the sacrifice does remove anything from his hair, nails or skin then he has to repent to Allaah and not do it again, but he does not have to offer any expiation, and that does not prevent him from offering the sacrifice as some of the common people think. If he does any of those things out of forgetfulness or ignorance, or some hair falls unintentionally, then there is no sin on him. If he needs to remove it then he may do so, and there is no blame on him, such as if a nail breaks and it annoys him, so he cuts it, or if a hair gets in his eye and he removes it, or he needs to cut his hair in order to treat a wound and the like.
• One udhiyah may be offered on behalf of a man and the members of his household, because of the report narrated by at-Tirmidhi (1505) and Ibn Maajah (3147) from ‘Ataa’ ibn Yasaar who said: I asked Abu Ayyoob al-Ansaari: How were the sacrifices (udhiyah) offered at the time of the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him)? He said: A man would sacrifice a sheep on his own behalf and on behalf of the members of his household, and they would eat from it and give some of it away. Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh at-Tirmidhi.
• The members of a household include a man’s wife and children, and also a relative if he lives in the same house and is included among those on whom the head of the household spends, or if they contribute to expenses and costs of food and drink. But with regard to a relative who lives in a separate house, or spends on himself separately, it is not valid to include him in the udhiyah, and it is prescribed for him to offer an udhiyah by himself.
• With regard to the udhiyah, it is stipulated that it should be an an‘aam animal (i.e., a camel, cow, sheep or goat), free of defects, and of the appropriate age as ordained by Islamic teaching. There is no difference in that regard between male and female, so it is permissible to offer either as an udhiyah.
• It is best for the individual to slaughter his own udhiyah himself. If he cannot do that or does not want to do it, there is nothing wrong with appointing someone else to do it and watching it being slaughtered. If he cannot do that or does not want to do it, then there is nothing wrong with him being absent at the time when it is slaughtered. Appointing someone else to slaughter the udhiyah is permissible, and there is no difference of opinion among the scholars concerning that. Attending the slaughter is mustahabb (encouraged) but is not obligatory.
• It is permissible for the Muslim to appoint another Muslim to slaughter the udhiyah on his behalf. If there is a difference in time between the countries of the one who was appointed to slaughter the udhiyah and the one who appointed him, then what counts is the country where the one who was appointed is. It does not matter if the udhiyah is slaughtered before the time of udhiyah begins in the country where the one who appointed him is staying. If he delays it until the time of Eid prayer begins in the country where the one who appointed him is staying, that is fine, because the time for offering the udhiyah lasts until the end of the days of at-tashreeq (11th, 12th and 13th of Dhu’l-Hijjah).
• The Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said:” Whoever wants to offer the udhiyah, when the first ten days of Dhu’l-Hijjah begin, let him not remove anything of his hair or skin.” Narrated by Muslim. Offering the udhiyah is connected to wanting to do it.
• It is permissible for seven families to share in one sacrifice of a cow or a camel. But it is not permissible for more than one family to share in one sacrifice of a goat or sheep. If two or more families buy a sheep and sacrifice it, that is not sufficient, similarly if eight or more people share one camel or one cow, that is not sufficient either. However, as it is permissible for seven families to share in one cow, it is more appropriate that it be permissible for fewer than seven to share in it, and thus they will be rewarded for the surplus, and anything more than one seventh is regarded as something supererogatory, such as if a single person sacrifices a cow as an udhiyah, even though a sheep would suffice in his case.
• The udhiyah is an act of worship that is encouraged in Islamic teaching, with no differentiation between men and women, or between married or unmarried women. This is indicated by the general meaning of the texts which speak of the udhiyah, without any restrictions or limitations. If a woman can afford it, it is Sunnah for her to offer an udhiyah on behalf of herself and on behalf of her household, from her own wealth, especially if the head of the household refuses to perform this ritual. Al-Khateeb ash-Sharbeeni (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated from the author of al-‘Uddah that he said: It is a communal obligation if there are several members of the household; if one of the members of the household does it, that suffices on behalf of all of them, otherwise it is an individual Sunnah.
• It is not prescribed to offer or give the udhiyah on behalf of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him), because that was not narrated from any of the Sahaabah, despite their perfect love for him and their perfect eagerness to do good, and the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) did not instruct his ummah to do that, as he instructed them to send blessings upon him and to pray for al-waseelah (a station in Paradise) and al-fadeelah (a rank above the rest of creation) for him after the adhaan. If it were something good, he (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) would have directed them to do it. Moreover, whatever good his ummah does, he is rewarded for it, because he was the one who guided, taught and called people to it. So for the doer to dedicate the reward of the deed to the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) is pointless; rather it means that the doer is deflecting the reward from himself without that benefiting anyone else.
• Shaykh ‘Abd al-Muhsin al-‘Abbaad (may Allah preserve him) said: When a person offers an udhiyah, he does so on behalf of himself and the members of his household, and he may do so on behalf of the living and the dead among the members of his family. If a man leaves instructions (in his will) that an udhiyah be offered on his behalf, then an udhiyah should be offered on his behalf. As for offering an udhiyah on behalf of a deceased person only, we do not know of any proven evidence to support that practice. But if a person offers an udhiyah on behalf of himself and the members of his household or his relatives, both living and dead, there is nothing wrong with that, and there is evidence in the Sunnah to support that. So the dead may be included alongside the living, but as for offering an udhiyah on behalf of the dead only, without them having left instructions to that effect, I do not know of any evidence for that.
• Shaykh Ibn Baaz (may Allah have mercy on him) said: There is no set limit for (the number of sacrifices to be offered by a Muslim on the Day of Eid al-Adha). The Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) used to sacrifice two sheep – one on behalf of himself and the members of his household, and the other on behalf of those who affirm Allah’s Oneness among the ummah of Muhammad (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him). So if a person sacrifices one or two, or more than that, there is nothing wrong with it. Abu Ayyoob al-Anaasi (may Allah be pleased with him) said: At the time of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) we would sacrifice one sheep, as we would eat from it and feed others. Then people began to show off by offering more after that. The point is that one sheep is sufficient if a person sacrifices one sheep in his house on behalf of himself and the members of his household, and he will have fulfilled the Sunnah by doing that. But if he sacrifices more than that – two or three or four – or he sacrifices a camel or a cow, there is nothing wrong with that.
• Is it better to slaughter the udhiya or to give its price in charity? Slaughtering the sacrifice is better than giving its price in charity, because that was what the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and the Muslims with him did. And because the sacrifice is one of the ritual of Islam; if the people turn away from it and give charity instead, that symbol will die out. If giving the price of the sacrifice in charity was better than slaughtering the sacrifice, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) would have explained that to his ummah in word and deed, because he did not omit to explain anything that was good for the ummah. Indeed, if giving charity was equal to offering the sacrifice he would have explained that too, because it is easier than going to the trouble of offering the sacrifice. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) never failed to point out the easier option to his ummah when it was equal to the more difficult option.
• Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: The Hajj pilgrim does not offer an udhiyah, rather he offers a hadiy. Hence the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did not offer an udhiyah during the Farewell Hajj, rather he offered a hadiy. But if we assume that he is doing Hajj by himself and his family are in his homeland, then in that case he should leave his family enough money to buy an animal and offer it as an udhiyah, so he will be offering a hadiy and they will be offering an udhiyah, because the udhiyah is only prescribed in places other than Makkah, but in Makkah it should be a hadiy. End quote from al-Liqa’ al-Shahri.